#include <stdio.h> int total; int pre[1001]; void init(int n){ int i; for(i=1;i<=n;++i){ pre[i] = i; } } int root(int x){ if(x!=pre[x]){ pre[x] = root(pre[x]); } return pre[x]; } void merge(int a,int b){ int x = root(a); int y = root(b); if(x!=y){ pre[x]=y; --total; } } int main(){ int N,M,i,st,end; while(scanf("%d",&N) && N){ scanf("%d",&M); init(N); total = N-1; for(i=0;i<M;++i){ scanf("%d %d",&st,&end); merge(st,end); } printf("%d\n",total); } return 0; } /************************************************************** Problem: 2203 User: admin Language: C Result: Accepted Time:10 ms Memory:1148 kb ****************************************************************/